The present perfect

Definition

present 1 /'preznt/ adj ၁။ (က) ~ (at sth) (ေရာက္) ရိွေန[ေသာ]။ Were you present when the news was announced? ❍ The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. ❍ Everybody present welcomed the decision. ❍ There were 200 people present at the meeting. (ခ) ~ (in sth) ပါရိွေန [ေသာ]။ a machine which measures how much radioactivity is present (in the atmosphere) ❍ Analysis showed that traces of arsenic were present in the body. ❍ The threat of war is still present. Compare ABSENT ၁ ၂။ လက္ရိွ။ the present situation /difficulties / arrangements ❍ the present owner/ occupant of the house ❍ a list of all the club members, past and present ❍ You can't use it in its present condition. ❍ If prices continue to increase at the present rate… n (usu the presnt) [sing] (က) ပစၥဳပၸန္။ ယခု။ ပစၥကၡ။ artists of the past, present and future ❍ an escape from the harsh realities of the present. (ခ) ( grammar ) ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလ။ ❏ at present[ IDM ] ေလာေလာဆယ္။ I'm afraid I can't help you just at present. ❏ present company excepted[ IDM ] (ျပစ္တင္ ေဝဖန္ရာ၌ လက္ရိွပရိသတ္ အက်ံဳးမဝင္ေၾကာင္း စကားခံေသာအားျဖင့္) ကြၽန္ေတာ္ ဒီပရိသတ္ကိုေတာ့ မဆိုလိုပါ။ People tend to drink too much at parties, present company excepted, of course. ❏ the present day n [sing] မ်က္ေမွာက္ေခတ္။ ယေန႔။ This custom has survived to the present day. ❍ present day experiences/fashions/life. ❏ present participle n ( grammar ) (ဤအဘိဓာန္၌ pres p ဟုအတိုေကာက္ သံုးသည္။ )"-ing" ႏွင့္အဆံုးသတ္ေသာ ႀကိယာ။ ျဖစ္ဆဲျပ ႀကိယာသဏၭာန္။ Compare VERBAL NOUN ❏ the present perfect n [sing] ( grammar ) (has, have ႏွင့္တြဲ၍) လတ္တေလာျဖစ္ခဲ့သည္ကိုျပသည့္ ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလျပ ႀကိယာသဏၭာန္။ ❏ the present tense n [sing] ( grammar ) (ဤအဘိဓာန္၌ pres t ဟုအတိုေကာက္ သံုးသည္။ ) ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလျပ ႀကိယာ သဏၭာန္။ The verb is in the present tense. Compare PAST n ၃ present 2 /'preznt/ n လက္ေဆာင္။ birthday/ Christmas/wedding presents ❍ This book was a present from my brother. ❍ He liked my old typewriter so much. I made him a present of it ( ie gave it to him). /prÇ'znt/ v ၁။ ~ sb with sth; ~ sth (to sb) လက္ေဆာင္ေပး သည္။ ေပးအပ္သည္။ A local celebrity presented the prizes. ❍ Colleagues presented the retiring chairman with a gold watch/presented a gold watch to the retiring chairman. ၂။ (က) ~ sth(for sth); ~ sth (to sb) ျပသည္။ တင္ျပသည္။ တင္သြင္းသည္။ present one's passport at the border ❍ Several interesting papers were presented at the conference. ❍ a well-presented analysis ❍ present one's designs for approval/consideration ❍ They presented a petition to the gvernor. (ခ) ~ sth/sb/oneself as sth …အျဖစ္ ပံုဖမ္းသည္၊ မ်က္ႏွာပန္းျပသည္၊ အသြင္ေဆာင္သည္။ He likes to present himself as the saviour of his people. ❍ The country presents a modern, go-ahead face to the world. ၃။ (က) ~ sb with sth; ~ sth (to sth) ရင္ဆိုင္ေစသည္။ ရင္ဆိုင္ရသည္။ Your request presents (us with) certain problems. ❍ Army life presents many difficulties / challenges / opportunities to the new recruit. ❍ The President has suddenly been presented with a crisis. (ခ) ~ itself (to be) (အခြင့္အလမ္း၊ အေျဖစသည္ အလိုလို) ေပၚေပါက္လာသည္။ ေပၚသည္။ A new problem suddenly presented itself. ၄။ (က) (ေရဒီယို၊ ႐ုပ္ျမင္သံၾကား အစီအစဥ္) တင္ဆက္ေပးသည္။ He used to present a gardening programme on BBC. (ခ) အမ်ားျပည္သူ အတြက္ ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖမႈ အစီအစဥ္ တင္ဆက္သည္။ The National Theatre is presenting a new production of "Hamlet". ❍ Starlight Productions present the Chinese Children's Choir in concert. (ဂ) စတင္ေၾကာ္ျငာ ေရာင္းခ်သည္။ Acme Fashions present their new range of children's clothing. ၅။ ~ sb (to sb) ( fml ) (ရာထူးဂုဏ္သိန္ႀကီးသူထံ ေလးေလးစားစား) မိတ္ဆက္ေပးသည္။ May I present my fiance (to you)? ၆။ ~ oneself at, for, in, etc sth ( fml ) တက္ေရာက္ သည္။ တက္သည္။ You will be asked to present yourself for interview. ❍ I have to present myself in court on 20 May. ၇။ ~ sth (to sb) ( fml ) (ေလးစားစြာ) အေၾကာင္းၾကားသည္။ present one's apologies/compliments/greetings (to sb). ၈။ (ေငြေပးေခ်ရန္၊ ထုတ္ေပးရန္ေျပစာ၊ ခ်က္ လက္မွတ္စသည္) တင္သည္၊ ေပးပို႔သည္။ Has the builder presented his bill yet? ❍ The cheque was presented (ie at a bank) on 21 March. ❏ present arms [ IDM ] (စစ္သည္မ်ား) ေသနတ္ ေျမႇာက္ အေလးျပဳသည္။ ❏ presenter n (ေရဒီယို၊ ႐ုပ္သံ) အစီအစဥ္ တင္ဆက္သူ။

Examples

1. The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.
2. In his present emotional state
3. he is capable of doing anything.
4. The present owners purchased the farm in 1976.
5. [the present day] : The history of Scotland from the 16th century to the present day
6. The 550 researchers in the present study have published a total of 6490 papers.
7. I wasn’t present when Dr Allott examined Clare.
8. [present at] : Among those present at the ceremony were the ambassador and his wife.
9. The chemicals obviously kill any bacteria present.
10. [present in] : Both kinds of nucleic acid are present in all cells.