Forced labour

Definition

force / fↄ:s / n ၁။ [U] (က) ခြန္အား။ အား။ အရိွန္။ the force of the blow / explosion / collision ❍ The force of his fall was broken (ie reduced) by the straw matting. ❍ They used brute force to break open the door. (ခ) အင္အားသံုးမႈ။ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈ။ renounce the use of force ❍ The rioters were taken away by force. ၂။ [U] (က) စြမ္းပကား။ အစြမ္း။ အဟုန္။ the full force of her argument ❍ He gave up smoking by sheer force of will. ❍ Through force of circumstance our plans had to be changed. အေျခအေန ပေယာဂေၾကာင့္ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ အစီအစဥ္ ေတြ ေျပာင္းလိုက္ရတယ္။ (ခ) အာဏာ သက္ေရာက္မႈ။ These guidelines do not have the force of law. ၃။ [C] စြမ္းအား။ (တြန္း)အား။ အင္အား။ market (ie economic) forces ❍ What is the driving force behind his writing? ❍ the forces of evil ❍ She's a force to be reckoned with (ie a person to be treated seriously). ၄။ [C, U] (in scientific use) အား။ magnetic forces ❍ The force of gravity pulls things towards the earth's centre. ၅။ [C] အား။ အင္အား။ စြမ္းအား။ the forces of nature. ❍ STRENGTH ၆။ [ C usu sing ] ေလတိုက္ႏႈန္း အတိုင္းအတာ။ a force 9 gale. ၇။ [CGp] တပ္။ တပ္ဖြဲ႕။ အင္အားစု။ a sales/labour force. ၈။ [CGp] တပ္။ တပ္ဖြဲ႕။ the police force ❍ peace-keeping forces ❍ the armed forces of a country (ie its army, navy and air force). ၉။ the force [sing] ( Brit ) ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႕။ join the force. ၁၀။ the forces [pl] (က) ( Brit ) ၾကည္း၊ ေရ၊ ေလတပ္။ စစ္တပ္။ (ခ) ( US ) ၾကည္းတပ္။ See also TASK FORCE, TOUR DE FORCE v ၁။ အတင္းအက်ပ္၊ အဓမၼ၊ မရမက၊ မျဖစ္မေန၊ ဇြတ္အတင္း လုပ္သည္၊ ခိုင္းသည္။ The thief forced her to hand over the money. ❍ He forced himself to speak to her. ❍ force a confession out of sb. ❍ The president was forced into resigning/ to resign. ၂။ အတင္း၊ အတင္းအဓမၼ၊ ဇြတ္၊ မရမက တိုးသည္၊ ဝင္သည္၊ လုပ္သည္စသည္။ ထိုးသိပ္ ထည့္သည္။ force an entry. ❍ force a way in / out/ through. ❍ force one's way through a crowd ❍ force clothes into a bag ❍ ( fig ) The President forced the bill through Congress. ၃။ အတင္းဖြင့္သည္ စသည္။ force (open) a door / lock/ window / safe. ၄။ အက်ပ္ကိုင္သည္။ အတင္းအဓမၼ လုပ္ သည္။ force a decision ❍ Be patient — we mustn't force matters. ❍ If they still haven't made up their minds, we'll have to force the issue. ၅။ ဖ်စ္ညႇစ္၍…သည္။ လုပ္ႀကံ၍…သည္။ He forced a smile. ❍ That argument was certainly forced (ie not natural or convincing). ၆။ (အသီး၊ အပင္ စသည္တို႔ သာမန္ထက္ ျမန္ျမန္ဖြံ႕ၿဖိဳးေအာင္) ဖန္တီးသည္။ forced rhubarb. ❏ bring sth / come into force [ IDM ] (ဥပေဒ စသည္) အာဏာတည္ေစသည္၊ တည္သည္။ When do the new safety rules come into force? ❏ force sth back [ PHRV ] မ်ဳိသိပ္ထားသည္။ ေအာင့္အည္း ထားသည္။ force back one's tears. ❏ forced adj ၁။ လုပ္ႀကံထားေသာ။ လုပ္။ forced laughter ❍ I found his reasoning rather forced. ၂။ အတင္းအက်ပ္။ မရမက။ forced repatriation. ❏ forced labour n [U] အတင္းအက်ပ္ေစခိုင္းမႈ။ အဓမၼ လုပ္အား။ ေခြၽးတပ္ဆြဲျခင္း။ ❏ forced landing n (အေၾကာင္းတစ္စံုတစ္ရာေၾကာင့္) ေလယာဥ္ ဇြတ္ထိုးဆင္းျခင္း။ ❏ forced march n အေရးေပၚ မနားမေန ခရီးေဝး ခ်ီတက္ျခင္း။ ❏ force sth down [ PHRV ] ၁။ အတင္းမ်ဳိခ်သည္။ I didn't feel like eating but I managed to force a sandwich down. ၂။ ေလယာဥ္ကို ဇြတ္ဆင္းခိုင္းသည္။ ❏ force sb's hand [ IDM ] အက်ပ္ကိုင္သည္။ ❏ (from/out of) force of habit [ IDM ] အက်င့္ပါေန၍။ It's force of habit that gets me out of bed at 6.15 each morning. ❏ force sth on sb [ PHRV ] အတင္းအက်ပ္ျပဳသည္။ jorce one's ideas / company / attention on sb ❍ Higher taxes were forced on the people. ❏ force the pace [ IDM ] အျခားၿပိဳင္ဘက္မ်ား ေျခကုန္ လက္ပန္းက်သြားေအာင္ ေျပးပြဲစသည္တြင္ ဒုန္းစိုင္း ေျပးသည္။ ❏ in force [ IDM ] ၁။ တပ္ေတာင္တာ ဗိုလ္ထုျဖင့္။ အလံုး အရင္းႏွင့္။ Protesters turned up in force. ၂။ အက်ဳိး သက္ေရာက္မႈရိွေသာ။ အာဏာတည္ေသာ။ The new safety regulations are now in force.

Examples

1. They accused the police of using excessive force during the arrest.
2. [by force] : The army took control of the region by force.
3. You can achieve more by persuasion than by brute force (=physical force alone).
4. His body swung round with the force of the blow.
5. The office block took the full force of the blast.
6. We have convinced people by the force of our argument.
7. [force of personality] : He persuaded them to re-elect him by sheer force of personality.
8. The social and political forces that shape people’s lives
9. For years he was a dominant force in Spanish politics.
10. [force for] : The UN is a force for stability.
11. The most obvious force for change in industry is technical advance.
12. [driving force] : She was certainly the driving force behind the campaign.
13. The force of gravity
14. Electromagnetic forces
15. A force 9 gale
16. Both countries have now withdrawn their forces from the area.
17. A UN peacekeeping force
18. An effective sales force
19. Bill was a senior police officer
20. who joined the force back in 1982.