Hard-faced

Definition

hard /hɑ:d/ adj ( -er,-est ) ၁။ မာေက်ာေသာ။ မာေသာ။ ေတာင့္တင္း ေသာ။ ground made hard by frost ❍ wait for the concrete to go hard ❍ hard apples ❍ hard, muscular bodies. Compare SOFT ၁ ၂။ ~ ( for sb ) ( to do sth ) ခက္ခဲ ေသာ။ မလြယ္ကူေသာ။ a hard task/ book/ language/ choice ❍ She found it hard to decide which college to apply to. ❍ I find his attitude very hard to take (ie difficult to accept). ❍ It's hard to tell whether the story is true or not. ❍ It's hard for old people to change their ways. ❍You are hard to please/ a hard person to please. ၃။ (က) ပင္ပန္းေသာ။ ခဲယဥ္းေသာ။ It's hard work shovelling snow. ❍ Finding the right person for a job can be hard work. (ခ) ျပင္းထန္ေသာ။ give sb a hard kick/ punch. (ဂ) ႀကိဳးစားေသာ။ ႀကိဳးပမ္းအားထုတ္ေသာ။ She's a very hard worker ❍ He's hard at work on a new novel. ၄။ ခက္ခဲေသာ။ မလြယ္ကူေသာ။ ဆင္းရဲက်ပ္တည္းေသာ။ စိတ္မခ်မ္းေျမ႕ဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ။ have a hard day/ life/ childhood ❍ Times are hard. ၅။ ခက္ထန္ေသာ။ ၾကမ္းၾကဳတ္ ေသာ။ a hard father ❍ exchange hard words with sb ❍ a hard smile/ look. Compare SOFT ၉ ၆။ အၾကင္နာကင္း ေသာ။ အသည္းမာေသာ။ ႀကံ႕ခိုင္ျပတ္သားေသာ။ He's a hard man. ၇။ အႀကိတ္အနယ္ျဖစ္ေသာ။ The employers and unions then entered a period of hard bargaining. ၈။ သည္းထန္ေသာ၊ ျပင္းေသာ၊ ထန္ေသာ (ရာသီဥတု)။ a hard winter/ frost. ၉။ မွန္ကန္တိက် ခိုင္လံုေသာ။ the hard facts of the case ❍ have hard evidence of sth. ၁၀။ ၾကမ္းတမ္း ေသာ၊ မာေသာ၊ ျပင္းေသာ၊ ထန္ေသာ၊ ရင့္ေသာ (အသံ၊ အေရာင္)။ a hard voice ❍ a very hard yellow. ၁၁။ (c ႏွင့္ g ဗ်ည္းတို႔တြင္) မာမာျပတ္ျပတ္ (ရြတ္သံ)။ The letter 'g' is hard in ‘gun’ and soft in ‘gin’. Compare SOFT ၁၅ ၁၂။ ျပင္းေသာ (အရက္)။ hard liquor ❍ ( joc ) a drop of the hard stuff (ie a strong alcoholic drink, eg WHISKY). ၁၃။ ေစးေသာ (ေရ)။ (ေရ) ေစး။ a hard water area ❍ Our water is very hard. Compare SOFT ၁၄ /'hɑ:d/ adv ၁။ ႀကိဳးႀကိဳးစားစား။ အျပင္းအထန္။ အင္တိုက္ အားတိုက္။ အေလးအနက္။ work/ think/ pull/ push hard ❍ try hard to succeed. ၂။ ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲ။ ကုတ္ကုတ္ကတ္ကတ္။ Our victory was hard won. ၃။ သည္းထန္စြာ။ ျပင္းထန္စြာ။ freezing/ raining/ snowing hard. ၄။ တအား။ အစြမ္းကုန္။ Turn hard left. ❏ be hard on sb [ IDM ] ၁။ ခက္ထန္သည္။ မညႇာတာ။ Don't be too hard on her—she's very young. ၂။ တရား မွ်တမႈမရိွ။ ျပင္းထန္သည္။ The new regulations are a bit hard on small businesses. ၃။ မခံႏိုင္ေအာင္ ျပင္းထန္သည္။ These rough roads are very hard on the springs. ❏ be hard put (to it) (to do sth) [ IDM ] ခက္ေနသည္။ အခက္ေတြ႕ေနသည္။ He was hard put (to it) to explain her disappearance. ❏ be hard up for sth [ IDM ] ( infml ) အနည္းငယ္သာရိွသည္။ He's hard up for ideas. ❏ drive/ strike a hard bargain [ IDM ] ေဈးဆစ္ရာတြင္ ရက္ေရာသည္။ ေခါင္းမာမာႏွင့္ တင္းခံေနၿပီး ေတာ္ေတာ္ႏွင့္ ညိႇမရ။ ❏ give sb a hard time [ IDM ] အက်ပ္႐ိုက္ေစသည္။ They gave me a hard time at the interview. ❏ hard and fast [ IDM ] က်ပ္တည္းေသာ၊ မည္သို႔မွ် မေျပာင္း လဲႏိုင္ေသာ (ဥပေဒ စသည္)။ တရားေသ (စည္းကမ္း)။ There are no hard and fast rules about this. ❍ This distinction isn't hard and fast. ❏ (as) hard as nails [ IDM ] စာနာေထာက္ထားကင္းျခင္း။ ၾကင္နာမဲ့ျခင္း။ ❏ hard at it [ IDM ] အထူးႀကိဳးစားသည္။ I've been hard at it all morning. ❏ hard-boiled adj ၁။ (ၾကက္ဥ) အက်က္ျပဳတ္။ ၂။ ( infml ) ခံႏိုင္ရည္ရိွေသာ။ ❏ hard by prep, adv အနီးမွာ။ အနားမွာ။ hard by the river ❍ There was an inn hard by. ❏ hard cash n [U] ေငြ။ ပိုက္ဆံ (ေငြစကၠဴ၊ ဒဂၤါး၊ အေႂကြေစ့ စသည္)။ ❏ hard-copy n [U] ( computing ) ကြန္ပ်ဳတာႏွင့္႐ိုက္ထား ေသာ စာ။ ကြန္ပ်ဴတာ႐ိုက္ စာ။ ❏ hard core n ၁။ အမာခံ(လူ)။ a hard core of troublemakers ❍ It's really only the hard core that bother (s) to go to meetings. ၂။ [U] အမာခံ (လမ္းခင္းရာ စသည္၌ ေအာက္ခံ ခဲ၊ အုတ္ စသည္)။ ❏ hard-core adj ၁။ အမာခံျဖစ္ေသာ။ hard-core supporters of the National Front. ၂။ အလြန္႔အလြန္ ညစ္ညမ္း ေသာ။ hard-core pornography. ❏ hard court n အဂၤေတခင္း တင္းနစ္ကစားကြင္း။ Compare GRASS COURT ❏ hard currency n [U,C] (ေပါင္စတာလင္၊ ေဒၚလာကဲ့သို႔ တန္ဖိုး မေျပာင္းလဲလြယ္ေသာ) ေငြမာ။ pay in hard currency ❍ convert roubles into hard currency. ❏ hard disk n ( computing ) ကြန္ပ်ဴတာဓာတ္ျပား။ The program is stored on the hard disk. ❏ hard done by [ IDM ] မတရားခံရသည္။ She feels (she's been) rather hard done by. ❏ hard drug n [C usu pl ] အျပင္းစားမူးယစ္ေဆး။ Compare SOFT DRUG ❏ hard-earned adj ႀကိဳးစားပမ္းစားရယူထားေသာ။ a hard-earned victory ❍ hard-earned cash. ❏ hard-faced adj မ်က္ႏွာထားတင္းေသာ။ hard-faced officials. ❏ hard-fought adj အႀကိတ္အနယ္ ယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္၊ တိုက္ခိုက္ ရေသာ။ a hard-fought battle/ contest. ❏ hard going [ IDM ] ၁။ နားလည္ရန္မလြယ္ေသာ။ ၿငီးေငြ႕ဖြယ္ ေကာင္းေသာ။ I'm finding this book very hard going. ၂။ ခရီးတြင္ရန္ ခက္ခဲေသာ။ စိတ္ပ်က္စရာေကာင္းေသာ။ The ground was very wet so it was hard going. ❏ hard hat n ဒဏ္ခံဦးထုပ္။ ❏ hard-headed adj မ်က္ႏွာမငဲ့ျပတ္သားေသာ။ a hard-headed realist/ businessman ❍ give a hard-headed assessment of the situation. ❏ hard-hearted adj အၾကင္နာကင္းေသာ။ ေထာက္ထား ညႇာတာမႈ မရိွေသာ။ ❏ hard-hitting adj ထိထိမိမိရိွေသာ။ a hard-hitting speech/ report. ❏ hard labour n [U] အလုပ္ၾကမ္း။ be sentenced to ten years' hard labour. ❏ the hard left n အစြန္းေရာက္လက္ဝဲဝါဒီ။ ❏ hard-line adj (က) ဝါဒ၊ အယူအဆ စသည္ကို တရားေသ စြဲကိုင္ထားေသာ (သူ)။ a hard-line socialist. (ခ) တရားေသ စြဲကိုင္ထားေသာ (ဝါဒ၊ အယူ အဆ စသည္)။ a hard-line attitude/ approach. ❏ hard-liner n တရားေသသမား။ communist hard-liners. ❏ hard lines [ IDM ] ( Brit infml ) (ၾကင္နာမႈကိုေဖာ္ျပေသာ စကား)။ ျဖစ္မွျဖစ္ရေလ။ သနားလိုက္တာ။ ကံေခလိုက္တာ။ You failed your driving test, I hear—hard lines! ❏ hard-luck story n ( often derog ) ကံေခသည့္အျဖစ္။ She gave me some hard-luck story about losing her job. ❏ hardness n [U]: water hardness ❍ hardness of heart. ❏ hard-nosed adj ( infml ) ခိုင္မာျပတ္သားေသာ။ a hard-nosed journalist ❍ hard-nosed tactics. ❏ hard of hearing [ IDM ] နားထိုင္းေသာ။ နားေလးေသာ။ TV subtitles for the hard of hearing. ❏ hard on sth [ IDM ] ေနာက္မၾကာခင္။ His death followed hard on hers. ❏ hard on sb's heels [ IDM ] ထက္ၾကပ္လိုက္လ်က္။ ကပ္ လိုက္လ်က္။ He ran ahead, with the others hard on his heels. ❏ hard porn n အလြန္႔အလြန္ညစ္ညမ္းေသာ အျပာကား၊ အျပာဓာတ္ပံု၊ အျပာစာအုပ္ စသည္။ Compare SOFT PORN ❏ hard-pressed adj ~ ( to do sth ) ဝန္ပိေနေသာ။ hard-pressed junior doctors working long hours ❍ They're already hard-pressed to find their rent money. ❏ the hard right n အစြန္းေရာက္လက္ယာဝါဒီ။ ❏ hard rock n [U] စည္းခ်က္ျပင္း ေရာ့ခ္ေတးဂီတ။ ❏ hard sell n [sing, U] အတင္းအက်ပ္၊ မရမက ေရာင္းျခင္း။ ဇြတ္ေရာင္းျခင္း။ the hard sell tactics of insurance salesmen. ❏ hard shoulder n ( Brit ) လမ္းပခံုး။ I pulled over onto the hard shoulder. ❏ hard-top n အမိုးမာကား။ ❏ hard up adj ေငြေၾကးခ်ဳိ႕တဲ့၊ က်ပ္တည္းေသာ။ (ဗန္း) ဘိုင္က် ေနေသာ။ His family has always been hard up. ❍ hard-up students. ❏ the hard way [ IDM ] ၁။ ခါးသီးေသာအေတြ႕အႀကံဳ။ She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way. ၂။ ဆူးခင္းေသာလမ္း။ ခေယာင္းလမ္း။ He grew up the hard way—his parents didn't have a penny. ❏ hard-wearing adj အၾကမ္းပတမ္းခံေသာ။ a hard-wearing carpet. ❏ hard-won adj အႀကိတ္အနယ္ ယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္၊ တိုက္ခိုက္ အႏိုင္ ရထားေသာ။ their hard-won political freedom ❍ hard-won concessions. ❏ hard-working adj လံု႔လဝီရိယရိွေသာ။ ႀကိဳးစားအားထုတ္မႈ ရိွေသာ။ hard-working miners ❍ She's talented and hard-working. ❏ have a hard job doing/ to do sth; have a hard time doing sth [ IDM ] ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲ ျပဳလုပ္၊ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရသည္။ I had a hard time persuading him to come. ❍ He had a hard job to make himself heard. ❏ make hard work of sth [ IDM ] လိုသည္ထက္ပို လံု႔လစိုက္ သည္။ ခ႐ု ခါးေတာင္းက်ဳိက္ဖမ္းသည္။ ❏ no hard feelings [ IDM ] အမ်က္အၿငိဳးမရိွ။ အမ်က္အဤ မရိွ။ Now we're divorced there are no hard feelings between us. ❍ ‘No hard feelings, I hope,’ he said, offering me his hand. ❏ play hard to get [ IDM ] ( infml ) မူသည္။ ဟန္လုပ္သည္။ Ask her out again—she's just playing hard to get, I'm sure. ❏ take sth hard [ IDM ] ဝမ္းနည္းပူေဆြးသည္။ စိတ္ထိခိုက္ သည္။ When their child died they took it very hard. ❏ too much like hard work [ IDM ] ႀကိဳးပမ္းအားထုတ္မႈ မ်ားစြာလိုေသာ။

Examples

1. Hard wooden benches
2. The plastic was chosen because it is very hard and durable.
3. Some of the questions were very hard.
4. [find something hard] : I found the English exam quite hard.
5. [hard for someone to do something] : It is hard for young people to get jobs in this area.
6. [hard to do something] : It’s hard to explain why I love this place so much.
7. [hard to believe] : I find it hard to believe that we’re leaving England for good.
8. Lifting stones this size is pretty hard work.
9. I need to relax at the end of a hard day.
10. My grandmother had a very hard life.
11. The family has had a hard time recently.
12. [hard on] : It’s very hard on parents when their children are being bullied at school.
13. He likes to pretend he’s hard
14. but he’s really soft underneath.
15. She was deeply hurt by his hard words.
16. [hard on] : Don’t be too hard on her – she was only trying to help.
17. He gave the door a hard shove
18. and it opened.
19. We need some hard evidence to support our claim.
20. The region saw a boom in the 1950s to 1970s but fell on hard times in the 1980s.
21. He had a hard time launching his new business project.