ground

ground¹ / graƱnd / n

၁။ the ground [sing] မြေကြီး။ မြေပြင်။ sit on the ground ❍ He slipped off the ladder and fell to the ground. ❍ The aircraft didn't have enough power to get off the ground (ie take off). ❍ at ground level.
၂။ [U] (က) မြေနေရာ။ မြေကွက်။ have more ground than one's next-door neighbour ❍ buy up some ground for building on ❍ The land near the border is disputed ground. ❍ measure the ground between two points. (ခ) မြေ။ solid / marshy/ stony ground. ❍ EARTH
၃။ (esp in compounds) (က) [C] (အားကစား၊ အပန်းဖြေ၊ စစ်ရေးပြ စသည်) ကွင်း။ a picnic / cricket / sports / recreation ground ❍ a parade-ground ❍ a playground ❍ The cheers of the fans echoed round the ground as the teams appeared. See also DUMPING GROUND (ခ) grounds [pl] (ငါး ဖမ်းရန်၊ အမဲလိုက်ရန် စသည်အတွက်) အကွက်။ ကွင်း။ မြေ။ fishing/ hunting grounds.
၄။ grounds [pl] ခြံဝင်း။ မြေ။ The house has extensive grounds. ❍ the school grounds.
၅။ [U] အကြောင်းအရာ။ ကိစ္စ။ ကဏ္ဍ။ နယ်ပယ်။ အနေအထား။ ရပ်တည်ချက်။ They managed to cover quite a lot of ground in a short programme. ❍ Let's not go over the same ground again. ❍ trying to find some common ground between the two sides ❍ You're on dangerous ground (ie saying sth likely to cause anger) when you criticize his daughter. ❍ I thought I'd be on safe ground (ie talking about a suitable subject) discussing his book with him.
၆။ [C esp pl ] ~ (for sth/ doing sth/ to do sth) အကြောင်းပြချက်။ အကြောင်း။ You have no grounds for complaint. ❍ If you continue to behave like this you will give them grounds for dismissing you. ❍ His continued absence gives ground for concern. ❍ Desertion is a ground (ie a legally sufficient reason) for divorce. ❍ They had no grounds to arrest him. ❍ I had to retire on medical grounds/ on the grounds of ill health (ie because I was ill). ❍ Her claim was disallowed on the grounds that she had not paid her premium. ❍ On what grounds do you make that accusation? ❍ REASON
၇။ [C] နောက်ခံ။ အခံ။ a design of pink roses on a white ground.
၈။ [U] ပင်လယ်ကြမ်းပြင်။ The ship touched ground a few yards form the shore.
၉။ grounds [pl] အနည်။
v
၁။ ~ (sth) (in/ on sth) (သင်္ဘော) သောင်တင်သည်။ Our ship was grounded in shallow water/on a sandbank.
၂။ (esp passive) လေယာဉ်တက်ခွင့် မပေး။ All aircraft at London Airport were grounded by fog today.
၃။ (esp US ) = EARTH v
၄။ (US ) လူငယ်များကို အိမ်ပြင်ထွက်ခွင့် ပိတ်သည့် ဒဏ်တပ်သည်။
❏ above ground [IDM ] မြေပေါ်။
❏ be/ get in on the ground floor [IDM ] (infml ) (လုပ်ငန်းတစ်ခုကို) အစကတည်းက ပါဝင် လုပ်ကိုင်သည်။
❏ below ground [IDM ] မြေအောက်။ Their missile silos are below ground.
❏ break fresh/ new ground [IDM ] တီထွင်သည်။ break new ground in the field of electronics.
❏ cut the ground from under sb's feet [IDM ] ကဖျက်ယဖျက် လုပ်သည်။ ခြေထိုးသည်။
❏ gain/ make up ground (on sb/ sth) [IDM ] မီသည်။ မီလာသည်။ The police car was gaining ground on the robbers. ❍ How can we make up ground on our competitors?
❏ get (sth) off the ground [IDM ] အစပျိုးသည်။ get a company off the ground ❍ Without more money the film is unlikely to get off the ground.
❏ give/ lose ground (to sb/ sth) [IDM ]
၁။ ဆုတ်ခွာရသည်။
၂။ တန့်နေသည်။ The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate. ❍ The gas lamp gradually lost ground to (ie was replaced by) electric lighting.
❏ ground control n [U] (လေကြောင်းထိန်း) မြေပြင်စခန်း၊ ဝန်ထမ်း၊ စက်ပစ္စည်း စသည်။
❏ ground crew n [CGp] (လေကြောင်းထိန်း) မြေပြင်စခန်း ဝန်ထမ်း။
❏ ground floor n မြေညီထပ်။ at ground-floor level ❍ a ground floor office. ❍ FLOOR
❏ ground sb in sth [PHRV ] (esp passive) အောက်သက် ကျေအောင် သင်ကြား လေ့ကျင့်ပေးသည်။ I was well grounded in mathematics at school.
❏ grounding n [sing] ~ (in sth ) အခြေခံများကို သင်ကြား ပေးခြင်း။ get a thorough grounding in grammar.
❏ ground sth on sth [PHRV ] (esp passive) အခြေခံသည်။ political philosophy grounded on personal experience.
❏ ground-plan n အဆောက်အအုံတစ်ခု၏ အောက်ခြေ စနစ် ပုံစံ။
❏ ground-rent n [U,C] (ဗြိတိန်တွင်) တိုက်ခန်းပိုင်ရှင်က မြေရှင်ကိုပေးသည့် မြေခ။
❏ ground rule n
၁။ (usu pl ) အခြေခံမူ။ The new code of conduct lays down the ground rules for management-union relations.
၂။ (US ) (ဘေ့စ်ဘောနှင့်ပတ်သက် သော သက်ဆိုင်ရာကွင်း၏) ဒေသန္တရစည်းမျဉ်း။
❏ ground staff n [CGp]
၁။ အားကစားကွင်းကို ထိန်းသိမ်းရသော ဝန်ထမ်းများ။
၂။ = GROUND CREW
❏ ground swell n (usu sing ) ~(of sth) တစ်ဟုန်ထိုး ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာသော လူထု၏သဘောထား။ Opinion polls indicate a ground swell of support for the Socialists.
❏ hold/ keep/ stand one's ground [IDM ] ကြံ့ကြံ့ခံသည်။ He held his ground in the face of close questioning. ❍ Despite being pushed, he stood his ground.
❏ on the ground [IDM ] သူလိုငါလို လူစား။ There's a lot of support for our policies on the ground.
❏ run, drive, etc sb/ oneself/ sth into the ground [IDM ] (infml ) ဗုန်းဗုန်းလဲသည်အထိ အလုပ်လုပ်သည် (သို့) ချုံးချုံးကျသည်အထိ သုံးသည်။ By working 13 hours a day she is running herself into the ground. ❍ We couldn't afford a new car, so we had to drive the old one into the ground.
❏ thick/ thin on the ground [IDM ] ပေါများသည်။ မရှား။ (သို့) နည်းသည်။ ရှားသည်။
❏ to the ground [IDM ] လုံးဝဥဿုံ (ပျက်စီးသည်၊ ဖျက်ဆီးသည်)။ The building was burned to the ground.

ground² pt, pp of GRIND:

ကြိတ်ထားသော အသား၊ အမှုန့်။ ground rice/almonds (ie reduced to a fine powder) ❍ (US ) ground beef.